{"id":5828,"date":"2021-06-03T10:39:07","date_gmt":"2021-06-03T08:39:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/beta.svatomarianskaput.sk\/?post_type=miesto&p=353"},"modified":"2023-03-24T21:31:04","modified_gmt":"2023-03-24T20:31:04","slug":"kostol-sv-jana-krstitela-a-klastor-frantiskanov","status":"publish","type":"miesto","link":"https:\/\/svatomarianskaput.sk\/pl\/miesto\/kostol-sv-jana-krstitela-a-klastor-frantiskanov\/","title":{"rendered":"Kostol sv. J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea, konvent franti\u0161k\u00e1nov Bardejov"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kostol sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea<\/strong> sa rozprestiera na ulici Franti\u0161k\u00e1nov v historickom centre mesta\u00a0Bardejov. Tento kostol je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00e9ho komplexu, ktor\u00fd patril\u00a0franti\u0161k\u00e1nom. Je zasv\u00e4ten\u00fd sv\u00e4t\u00e9mu J\u00e1novi Krstite\u013eovi. Orientovan\u00fd je tradi\u010dne, olt\u00e1r je na v\u00fdchodnej strane.\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kl\u00e1\u0161tor<\/strong> je vzdialen\u00fd iba nieko\u013eko desiatok metrov od historick\u00e9ho Bardejovsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mestia poch\u00e1dza zo 14. storo\u010dia. Pri jeho rekon\u0161trukcii objavili unik\u00e1tne slne\u010dn\u00e9 hodiny, vz\u00e1cne mince, origin\u00e1lne ma\u013eby aj kaplnku. Kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fd are\u00e1l ukr\u00fdval dokonca aj jednu z b\u00e1\u0161t stredovek\u00e9ho mestsk\u00e9ho opevnenia.<\/p>\n

Kostol sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea pova\u017eujeme za druh\u00fa najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161iu sakr\u00e1lnu stavbu nach\u00e1dzaj\u00facu sa v\u00a0Bardejove\u00a0(po kostole sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Eg\u00eddia). Dat\u00e1cia za\u010diatku v\u00fdstavby tohto kostola nie je ist\u00e1, preto\u017ee roky sa v r\u00f4znych zdrojoch l\u00ed\u0161ia. Niektor\u00e9 zdroje uv\u00e1dzaj\u00fa za\u010diatok stavby v roku 1380,<\/sup>\u00a0in\u00e9 zase datuj\u00fa po\u010diatky tohto kostola a\u017e v roku 1466.<\/sup> Je pravdepodobn\u00e9, \u017ee bol postaven\u00fd na stavenisku star\u0161ieho augusti\u00e1nskeho gotick\u00e9ho kostola. Av\u0161ak, o tejto star\u0161ej verzii kostola n\u00e1m ch\u00fdbaj\u00fa inform\u00e1cie. Podnet na v\u00fdstavbu nov\u00e9ho kostola dal kanonick\u00fd r\u00e1d augusti\u00e1nov okolo roku 1466. P\u00f4vodne bol postaven\u00fd v gotickom \u0161t\u00fdle. Najprv sa vystavala juhov\u00fdchodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 kostola so sv\u00e4ty\u0148ou. V roku 1481 do\u0161lo k osadzovaniu kamenn\u00e9ho ostenia. Kamene dov\u00e1\u017eali z kame\u0148olomu z mesta Gonez pod Hegyaljou. Nakoniec bol r\u00e1d augusti\u00e1nov n\u00e1silne vyhnan\u00fd z mesta Bardejov.<\/p>\n

16. storo\u010die:<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span>V roku 1505 prebehlo \u00faplne dostavanie kostola a to v\u010faka pr\u00edspevku vdovy po me\u0161\u0165anovi Antonovi. Na tejto stavbe sa podie\u013eal \u0160. Lapicida alias Pfeyler s pomocn\u00edkmi.<\/p>\n

<\/span>17. storo\u010die:<\/strong>\u00a0<\/span>Ur\u010dit\u00fd \u010das tento kostol patril\u00a0protestantom. T\u00ed ho opravili a vykon\u00e1vali tu svoje bohoslu\u017eby, no nezdr\u017eali sa ve\u013emi dlho. Obnoven\u00fd kostol dostali roku 1670 franti\u0161k\u00e1ni, z rozhodnutia kr\u00e1\u013eovskej koruny, v\u010faka cis\u00e1rovi Leopoldovi. Kostol potom nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t vyhorel. V rokoch 1670 pre\u0161iel opravami a bol obohaten\u00fd o\u00a0barokov\u00e9 prvky.<\/p>\n

<\/span>18. storo\u010die:<\/strong>\u00a0 <\/span>Vysviacka troch nov\u00fdch zvonov sa konala pod\u013ea z\u00e1znamov v roku 1728. T\u00fato vysviacku vykonal j\u00e1gersk\u00fd biskup Juraj Soger. Prv\u00fd, ve\u013ek\u00fd zvon, nesie meno patr\u00f3na kostola J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea. Druh\u00fd, neve\u013ek\u00fd zvon, bol pomenovan\u00fd na po\u010des\u0165 sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Franti\u0161ka. Nakoniec tret\u00ed, najmen\u0161\u00ed zvon, sa vol\u00e1 pod\u013ea sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Antona Padu\u00e1nskeho. Bola to v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 udalos\u0165, ktorej sa z\u00fa\u010dastnilo okolo 1000 \u013eud\u00ed. V roku 1725 zasiahlo mesto zemetrasenie, ktor\u00e9 zna\u010dne po\u0161kodilo kl\u00e1\u0161torn\u00fd kostol. T\u00e1to udalos\u0165 prin\u00fatila franti\u0161k\u00e1nov, aby za\u010dali s prestavbou kostola a kl\u00e1\u0161tora v barokovom \u0161t\u00fdle. Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni si viedli podrobn\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy o oprav\u00e1ch kostola a kl\u00e1\u0161tora. Tieto z\u00e1znamy obsahovali v\u00fd\u0161ku pr\u00edspevku a taktie\u017e meno osoby. Od roku 1757\u00a0\u2013\u00a01780 do\u0161lo k mno\u017estvu opr\u00e1v, pri\u010dom si st\u00e1le zachoval \u010das\u0165 zo svojho gotick\u00e9ho r\u00e1zu. D\u00f4kazom toho s\u00fa steny, okn\u00e1 a sv\u00e4ty\u0148a s p\u00f4vodn\u00fdm gotick\u00fdm zasklepen\u00edm. Napr\u00edklad vytvoril sa horn\u00fd\u00a0ambit\u00a0ku kostolu. Mur\u00e1ri zmenili vzh\u013ead okien v kostolnej lodi, cel\u00fd priestor sa znovu zaklenul, v z\u00e1padnej \u010dasti sa opravilo gotick\u00e9 okno a taktie\u017e sa tam vstaval ch\u00f3r. V roku 1760 sa vytvorili franti\u0161k\u00e1nom dva nov\u00e9 olt\u00e1re. Olt\u00e1r sv\u00e4tej Anny a olt\u00e1r Panny M\u00e1rie \u010censtochovej. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa opravili aj dva star\u0161ie olt\u00e1re a to sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Kr\u00ed\u017ea a sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Antona. Zrekon\u0161truovali sa obrazy kr\u00ed\u017eovej cesty zni\u010denej e\u0161te za pr\u00edtomnosti protestantov.<\/p>\n

V roku 1768 prebehla oprava strechy kostola pod z\u00e1\u0161titou gvardi\u00e1na Mateja Cepesa. V roku 1774 sa postavila kazate\u013enica. Nama\u013eoval sa olt\u00e1r sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Franti\u0161ka bardejovsk\u00fdm maliarom Jozefom Mirovsk\u00fdm. Finan\u010dn\u00fa podporu k tejto oprave olt\u00e1ra poskytlo laick\u00e9 bratstvo sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Franti\u0161ka. D\u0148a 1. augusta 1780 sa postavil ve\u013ek\u00fd olt\u00e1r, vytv\u00e1ran\u00fd e\u0161te za p\u00f4sobenia gvardi\u00e1na Patrika Vala\u0161ku. Na jeho vyhotovenie sa minulo 500 r\u00fdnskych zlat\u00fdch. \u00dadajne kv\u00f4li nov\u00e9mu olt\u00e1ru sa muselo zamurova\u0165 okno smerom k n\u00e1mestiu. V roku 1782 do\u0161lo k vyliatiu\u00a0Tople\u00a0z koryta a to sp\u00f4sobilo \u0161kody v krypt\u00e1ch kostola. Aj napriek tomu hist\u00f3ria franti\u0161k\u00e1nskeho konventu pokra\u010dovala a\u017e do roku 1949. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti na kostole prebehli rekon\u0161truk\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n

Prv\u00e1 zmienka o kl\u00e1\u0161tore<\/strong> je z roku 1390. Ide o poz\u00fdvac\u00ed list hlavn\u00e9ho predstaven\u00e9ho r\u00e1du Augustini\u00e1nov, Bartolomeja z Ben\u00e1tok. Bratovi Henrichovi z Krakova a jeho mn\u00edchom naria\u010fuje, aby os\u00eddlili kl\u00e1\u0161tor v Bardejove,\u201c\u00a0hovor\u00ed kunsthistori\u010dka a pamiatkarka Jana Li\u010dkov\u00e1 z bardejovsk\u00e9ho mestsk\u00e9ho \u00faradu.\u00a0Augustini\u00e1ni prich\u00e1dzali do stredovek\u00fdch miest v\u00e4\u010d\u0161inou v \u010dase ich prosperity. A Bardejov bol vtedy ve\u013emi bohat\u00fdm mestom\u00a0(prv\u00e1 p\u00edsomn\u00e1 zmienka o meste poch\u00e1dza z roka 1241).\u00a0U\u017e predt\u00fdm boli v Bardejove in\u00ed mn\u00edsi \u2013 Cisterciti, existuje o nich z\u00e1znam z roku 1247.\u00a0T\u00ed ale odi\u0161li, no a koncom 14. storo\u010dia prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa do Bardejova Augustini\u00e1ni. Mn\u00ed\u0161ske r\u00e1dy boli\u00a0nosite\u013emi vzdelanosti.\u00a0Venovali sa najm\u00e4 takzvanej\u00a0skriptorskej\u00a0\u010dinnosti (p\u00edsaniu, zapisovaniu, prepisovaniu). Mest\u00e1 si ve\u013emi dobre uvedomovali ich v\u00fdznam pre svoj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed rozvoj.<\/p>\n

Po pr\u00edchode do Bardejova os\u00eddlili\u00a0Augustini\u00e1ni priestor juhoz\u00e1padnej\u00a0\u010dasti mesta pri hradobnom opevnen\u00ed. Z\u00a0mesta odch\u00e1dzaj\u00fa v roku 1528, pravdepodobne v s\u00favislosti so spolo\u010densk\u00fdm nap\u00e4t\u00edm v \u010dase reform\u00e1cie.\u00a0Kl\u00e1\u0161tor bol u\u017e v tom \u010dase pod\u013ea dobov\u00fdch z\u00e1znamov ve\u013emi bohat\u00fd, \u010do s\u00faviselo s \u010fal\u0161ou stavebnou aktivitou. Z ich obdobia sa zachovala men\u0161ia dvojpodla\u017en\u00e1 stavba, ku ktorej bol nesk\u00f4r pristavan\u00fd Kostol sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea.\u00a0\u00a0Postupnos\u0165 bola tak\u00e1, \u017ee najprv bola postaven\u00e1 men\u0161ia, predn\u00e1 v\u00fdchodn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165 kl\u00e1\u0161tora (s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 sakristia a miestnos\u0165 nad \u0148ou), potom v roku 1505 Kaplnka sv\u00e4t\u00e9ho Kr\u00ed\u017ea a po\u010das cel\u00e9ho 15. storo\u010dia prebiehala v\u00fdstavba kostola sv. J\u00e1na Krstite\u013ea. \u010ealej sa postupne dostavoval samotn\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor.<\/p>\n

Po odchode Augustini\u00e1nov kl\u00e1\u0161tor upadal, postihol ho po\u017eiar, pou\u017e\u00edvali ho aj ako mestsk\u00fa s\u00fdpku. Po reform\u00e1cii sl\u00fa\u017eil kl\u00e1\u0161tor s kostolom slovensk\u00fdm evanjelikom.\u00a0Jeho \u010fal\u0161\u00ed osud ovplyvnilo protireform\u00e1torsk\u00e9 hnutie v celej Eur\u00f3pe. Uhorsk\u00fd kr\u00e1\u013e Leopold I. (1640-1705) v roku 1671 nariadil Franti\u0161k\u00e1nskemu r\u00e1du, pova\u017eovan\u00e9mu za protireform\u00e1torsk\u00fd, aby pri\u0161li do Bardejova a prinavr\u00e1ti\u0165 Bardejov\u010danov do r\u00fak katol\u00edckej cirkvi.\u00a0\u00a0Mestskej rade sa to nep\u00e1\u010dilo a radik\u00e1lne s t\u00fdm nes\u00fahlasila. V hektick\u00fdch \u010dasoch koncom 17. storo\u010dia\u00a0Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni nejak\u00fd \u010das kl\u00e1\u0161tor os\u00edd\u013eovali, n\u00e1sledne z Bardejova najprv odi\u0161li, aby sa potom do kl\u00e1\u0161tora znova vr\u00e1tili.\u00a0Nakoniec sa v Bardejove trvalo usadili, kl\u00e1\u0161tor za\u010dali postupne zve\u013ea\u010fova\u0165.<\/p>\n

Z neskor\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1znamov vieme, \u017ee ke\u010f Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni pri\u0161li do Bardejova, museli kl\u00e1\u0161tor postavi\u0165 \u00faplne nanovo. Hovor\u00edme o roku 1740, bol vtedy pravdepodobne v havarijnom stave, za\u010dali ho preto rekon\u0161truova\u0165.\u00a0V tomto obdob\u00ed bol dostavan\u00fd aj v\u00fdchodn\u00fd trakt. V priebehu cel\u00e9ho 18. storo\u010dia sa potom kl\u00e1\u0161tor dostaval do podoby, v akej ho pozn\u00e1me dnes.\u00a0Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni \u017eili v Bardejovskom kl\u00e1\u0161tore a\u017e do nesl\u00e1vne zn\u00e1mej komunistickej\u00a0Akcie K\u00a0v roku 1950.\u00a0N\u00e1siln\u00e1 likvid\u00e1cia mu\u017esk\u00fdch reho\u013en\u00fdch r\u00e1dov v\u00a0komunistickom \u010ceskoslovensku sa do hist\u00f3rie zap\u00edsala pod n\u00e1zvom\u00a0Barbarsk\u00e1 noc,\u00a0najm\u00e4 v\u010faka svojej brutalite.\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0<\/p>\n

Predch\u00e1dzal jej politick\u00fd proces s desiatimi predstaven\u00fdmi mn\u00ed\u0161skych rehol\u00ed, ktor\u00ed boli ob\u017ealovan\u00ed z proti\u0161t\u00e1tnej \u010dinnosti a nen\u00e1visti k \u013eudovodemokratick\u00e9mu zriadeniu,\u00a0ukr\u00fdvania nepriate\u013esk\u00fdch agentov a v\u00fdroby let\u00e1kov. Presne o polnoci z 13. na 14. apr\u00edla 1950 obsadili pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edci \u013dudov\u00fdch mil\u00edci\u00ed, Verejnej bezpe\u010dnosti a \u0160t\u00e1tnej bezpe\u010dnosti v\u0161etky mu\u017esk\u00e9 kl\u00e1\u0161tory v krajine. Reho\u013en\u00edkov nadr\u00e1nom autobusmi odviezli do z\u00e1chytn\u00fdch kl\u00e1\u0161torov a\u00a0rozdelili do troch skup\u00edn. Predstaven\u00fdch a takzvan\u00fdch najreak\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch mn\u00edchov\u00a0s\u00fastredili\u00a0v k\u00e1rnom kl\u00e1\u0161tore v Pezinku, ostatn\u00fdch previezli do \u0161tyroch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kl\u00e1\u0161torov v Hronskom Be\u0148adiku, v \u0160a\u0161t\u00edne, Jasove a Podol\u00ednci.\u00a0 Za najnebezpe\u010dnej\u0161\u00edch pova\u017eovali\u00a0jezuitov, od ostatn\u00fdch ich\u00a0izolovali. \u017divot v s\u00fastre\u010fovac\u00edch kl\u00e1\u0161toroch bol v podstate v\u00e4zen\u00edm.\u00a0V\u00a0Podol\u00ednci, kde boli odvezen\u00ed aj Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni z Bardejova, panoval najpr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00ed re\u017eim. Na okn\u00e1ch boli mre\u017ee, kl\u00e1\u0161tor obohnali ostnat\u00fdm dr\u00f4tom. Str\u00e1\u017eili ho ozbrojenci so psami. Na poriadok dohliadali str\u00e1\u017ecovia z leopoldovskej v\u00e4znice.<\/p>\n

Po roku 1950 a\u017e do 90. rokov minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia v kl\u00e1\u0161tore s\u00eddlil \u00dastav pre ment\u00e1lne postihnut\u00fdch. V roku 1970 bol cel\u00fd kl\u00e1\u0161tor vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd za N\u00e1rodn\u00fa kult\u00farnu pamiatku. Nesk\u00f4r sl\u00fa\u017eil ako v\u00fdvarov\u0148a a jed\u00e1le\u0148, realizovali sa v \u0148om r\u00f4zne podnikate\u013esk\u00e9 aktivity. V roku 2012 sa v kl\u00e1\u0161tore vykonal re\u0161taur\u00e1torsk\u00fd v\u00fdskum. V\u00a0interi\u00e9ri\u00a0aj na exteri\u00e9rov\u00fdch fas\u00e1dach kl\u00e1\u0161tora. V\u00fdskum potvrdil n\u00e1lez sgrafitovej v\u00fdzdoby s predpokladan\u00fdm men\u0161\u00edm rozsahom plochy na re\u0161taurovanie.\u00a0 V novembri\u00a02020 za\u010dalo mesto Bardejov v spolupr\u00e1ci s ob\u010dianskym zdru\u017een\u00edm N\u00e1\u0161 Bardejov, ktor\u00e9 si are\u00e1l kl\u00e1\u0161tora od Franti\u0161k\u00e1nov dlhodobo prenaj\u00edma, kl\u00e1\u0161tor – ktor\u00fd je zasa v pren\u00e1jme mesta, rekon\u0161truova\u0165.\u00a0Obnova je\u00a0s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou projektu\u00a0Zachovanie, prezent\u00e1cia a rozvoj tradi\u010dn\u00fdch remesiel v cezhrani\u010dnom \u00fazem\u00ed. Mesto Bardejov a N\u00e1\u0161 Bardejov ho realizuj\u00fa v spolupr\u00e1ci s po\u013esk\u00fdm mestom Gryb\u00f3w.\u00a0 Projekt za 2,82 mili\u00f3na eur z Eur\u00f3pskeho fondu region\u00e1lneho rozvoja vych\u00e1dza\u00a0z potreby rozvoja turistick\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu\u00a0cezhrani\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00fazemia. Okrem kl\u00e1\u0161tora v Bardejove v r\u00e1mci neho zrenovuj\u00fa budovu b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Domu kult\u00fary v Gryb\u00f3we.<\/p>\n

V r\u00e1mci obnovy vznikn\u00fa v oboch objektoch dielne pre remeseln\u00edkov \u017eij\u00facich v pohrani\u010dnej oblasti. Vytvoria sa tak centr\u00e1 tradi\u010dn\u00fdch remesiel.\u00a0Priestor na prezent\u00e1ciu dostan\u00fa remesl\u00e1 typick\u00e9 pre obe krajiny.<\/p>\n

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